lytE [2017-05-24 13:18:53]

cell wall hydrolase (major autolysin) for cell elongation and separation, D,L-endopeptidase-type autolysin

locus: BSU09420

pI: 10.71

mw: 37.16 kDa

protein length: 343 aa

gene length: 1029 bp

function: major autolysin, cell elongation and separation

product: cell wall hydrolase (major autolysin),endopeptidase-type autolysin

essential: no

ec: 3.4.-.-

synonyms: papQ,cwlF

Genomic Context

categories

• [category|SW 1|Cellular processes] → [category|SW 1.1|Cell envelope and cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.1|Cell wall synthesis] → [category|SW 1.1.1.2|Autolytic activity required for peptidoglycan synthesis (cell elongation)]
• [category|SW 1|Cellular processes] → [category|SW 1.1|Cell envelope and cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.2|Cell shape]
• [category|SW 1|Cellular processes] → [category|SW 1.1|Cell envelope and cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.3|Cell wall degradation/ turnover] → [category|SW 1.1.3.1|Autolysis]
• [category|SW 1|Cellular processes] → [category|SW 1.1|Cell envelope and cell division] → [category|SW 1.1.3|Cell wall degradation/ turnover] → [category|SW 1.1.3.4|Endopeptidases]

Gene

Coordinates: 1,018,998 → 1,020,002

Phenotypes of a mutant

• a ''[gene|4F9D70C4BB4FCA809BEAC341C3F8122FB7FD8872|cwlO] [gene|321F248C22D7283C0F3323F1F4069E36F8D7FE6C|lytE]'' mutant is not viable [Pubmed|17581128,22139507]
• growth defect at high temperature [Pubmed|21541672]
• inactivation of ''[gene|321F248C22D7283C0F3323F1F4069E36F8D7FE6C|lytE]'' strongly restores beta-lactam resistance in a ''[gene|081DF3EE9FA56209D648C7677188C61CE3AA8E41|sigM]'' mutant by delaying cell lysis [Pubmed|22211522]
• a ''[gene|321F248C22D7283C0F3323F1F4069E36F8D7FE6C|lytE]'' mutation is synthetically lethal with ''[gene|8BF7EB539B53D75BD30BD30ABF27106D6A0B030B|ftsE]'' and ''[gene|E22D0F0AC56DC95AFC02E7F55FCD5FAA44B6B490|ftsX]'' mutation (due to a lack of autolysin activity) [Pubmed|23869552,23855774]
• a ''[gene|321F248C22D7283C0F3323F1F4069E36F8D7FE6C|lytE]'' mutation increases the cell separation defect of a ''[gene|E8B88CBE4F9121DFEEF099D7947CD1E1AE656160|lytF]'' mutant [Pubmed|23855774]
• cells are thinner (reduced diameter) as compared to the wild type [Pubmed|23869552]

The protein

Catalyzed reaction/ biological activity

• cleaves the peptide bond between D-Glu (position 2 in the peptioglycan peptide) and m-diamino pimelic acid (position 3) [Pubmed|18266855]

Protein family

• nlpC/p60 family (according to Swiss-Prot)

Paralogous protein(s)

• the C-terminal D,L-endopeptidase domains of [protein|321F248C22D7283C0F3323F1F4069E36F8D7FE6C|LytE], [protein|E8B88CBE4F9121DFEEF099D7947CD1E1AE656160|LytF], [protein|0FBE3F7ECACA7FCFAA4EE32E9B2BB35F0B793C0F|CwlS], and [protein|4F9D70C4BB4FCA809BEAC341C3F8122FB7FD8872|CwlO] exhibit strong sequence similarity

[SW|Domains]

• contains three N-acetylglucosamine-polymer-binding [SW|LysM domain]s [Pubmed|18430080]
• C-terminal D,L-endopeptidase domain [Pubmed|22139507]

Effectors of protein activity

• activity requires functional [protein|A4C8719E06F774A6EB4D79757CC79CF89E453A54|MreB] and [protein|40829C3632E9DCEB9E1C14A674B4B217F504CFE0|MreBH] [Pubmed|23869552,16950129]

[SW|Localization]

• binds the cell wall [Pubmed|21261835]
• localizes to cell septa, poles and lateral sidewall of the cell (via the N-terminal domain) [Pubmed|22139507]
• localization to lateral cell wall depends on the interaction with [protein|40829C3632E9DCEB9E1C14A674B4B217F504CFE0|MreBH] [Pubmed|23869552]

Expression and Regulation

Operons

• genes: [gene|321F248C22D7283C0F3323F1F4069E36F8D7FE6C|lytE]
  description: [Pubmed|9573210]

  sigma factors

  • [protein|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA]: sigma factor, [Pubmed|9573210], in [regulon|360F48D576DE950DF79C1A2677B7A35A8D8CC30C|SigA regulon]
  • [protein|DC3449D5F195E5C2E9E14FEC95396C8F1FDF73B4|SigH]: sigma factor, [Pubmed|9573210], in [regulon|DC3449D5F195E5C2E9E14FEC95396C8F1FDF73B4|SigH regulon]
  • [protein|3DEAC421B4B173C6BBC700E57790751B7AFDF319|SigI]: sigma factor, [Pubmed|21541672], in [regulon|3DEAC421B4B173C6BBC700E57790751B7AFDF319|SigI regulon]

  regulatory mechanism

  • [protein|7F340423A34CE40D1F1AA8D373F7C4B859A6496D|WalR]: activation, [Pubmed|24125693,17581128], in [regulon|7F340423A34CE40D1F1AA8D373F7C4B859A6496D|WalR regulon]
  • [protein|2C54FE2ADC82FF414D732018C90649D477A925AD|Spo0A]: repression, [Pubmed|14651647], in [regulon|2C54FE2ADC82FF414D732018C90649D477A925AD|Spo0A regulon]

  regulation

  • expression is modulated in response to D,L-endopeptidase activity (increased two-fold to compensate for reduced activity in the absence of [protein|4F9D70C4BB4FCA809BEAC341C3F8122FB7FD8872|CwlO] or [protein|8BF7EB539B53D75BD30BD30ABF27106D6A0B030B|FtsE]-[protein|E22D0F0AC56DC95AFC02E7F55FCD5FAA44B6B490|FtsX], decreased upon overexpression of [protein|321F248C22D7283C0F3323F1F4069E36F8D7FE6C|LytE]) ([protein|7F340423A34CE40D1F1AA8D373F7C4B859A6496D|WalR]) [pubmed|31808740]
  • induced at high temperature ([protein|3DEAC421B4B173C6BBC700E57790751B7AFDF319|SigI], [protein|7F340423A34CE40D1F1AA8D373F7C4B859A6496D|WalR]) [Pubmed|24125693,21541672]

Biological materials

Mutant

• 1A790 ( ''lytE''::''cat''), [Pubmed|9457885], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A790&Search=1A790 BGSC]
• 1A792 ( ''lytE''::''cat''), [Pubmed|1588906], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A792&Search=1A792 BGSC]
• 1A1024 ( ''lytE''::''spec''), [Pubmed|20400548], available at [http://pasture.asc.ohio-state.edu/BGSC/getdetail.cfm?bgscid=1A1024&Search=1A1024 BGSC]
• BKE09420 (''[gene|321F248C22D7283C0F3323F1F4069E36F8D7FE6C|lytE]''::''erm'', available in the BGSC and in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab) [pubmed|28189581]

FLAG-tag construct

• GP2020 ''lytE-3xFLAG spec'' (based on [SW|pGP1331]), available in [SW|Jörg Stülke]'s lab

References

Reviews

• 18430080,23066944,18266855

Original publications

• 21261835,22211522,16950129,17581128,14594841,9457885,9573210,10322020,24125693,23199363,20059685,14651647,23869552,21541672,22139507,23855774,27118079